In our last article, we discussed how the Declaration of Independence laid the foundation for the rule of law and the concept of equality under the law. In this article, we discuss how the Declaration also foreshadowed one of the most essential components of democratic self-rule and the rule of law—trial by jury. The Constitution articulates the right to trial by jury in Article III and in the Sixth Amendment. What started as concrete grievances in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 became fundamental rights when the states ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1788 and the Bill of Rights in 1791.